The main objective of this paper is to describe semantic diversity of nationally labeled lexemes and peculiarities of their word formation mechanisms on the example of the Swiss German language. One of the central concepts is the concept of «the national variant of the language». The article briefly describes the most important stages of literary and linguistic works on the stage of fixing and studying the basic dialect of Switzerland - Alemannic. The Dictionary of Variability of the German Language is accepted as the main source of the research material. The methodological basis comprises the method of comparative analysis, the method of component analysis, the method of continuous sampling, the method of statistical data processing. The study has confirmed the working hypothesis that the nationally marked vocabulary is manifested in all thematic blocks, but its use for naming the national cultural realities of Switzerland is the most typical case. Word-formation models, while maintaining the constancy of the word formation general methods, demonstrate a wide variability found in the quantitative filling of the component composition of compound words. For the lexemes of the suffix model, a typical postfix segmental morpheme - the suffix -li - is identified. The future research may expand the empirical base of the language and reconstruction of fully aspectual communication model of the polycode space of Swiss German discourse.