The research is devoted to the introduction into the scientific circulation of the translation of a letter from Shah Abbas II on the right of free trade for Russian merchants in the state of Safavids. The document is dated 1647 and reflects the conditions of Russian-Iranian relations in the second half of the 1640s. The western and northeastern borders of Iran were then in relative safety, which contributed to the development of trade and the growth of state welfare. Having overcome the consequences of the Time of Troubles, the Russian kingdom tried to conduct active trade not only with Iran but also with the countries of Central Asia. The letter itself from Shah Abbas II appeared under the influence of random circumstances. The embassy of A. Gribov was initially sent in transit through Iran to the Bukhara Khanate. Since there was a war between khan and his son in the latter, Shah Abbas II ordered the tsar’s ambassador to arrive in Isfahan. At the same time, a courier was sent from Farabod to the Russian Tsar with a letter in which the shah explained why he had detained the ambassador and his people.