According to the results of many studies, living at an early age in orphanages and thus depriving the child's need to interact with a sensitive and constant close adult, negatively affects the child's development. In this study, the PCERA method (Clark, 1985) is used to study the interaction between children and employees from a typical children's home before the child leaves the institution (N=10 children; age 21.6±12.7 months) and then with substitute parents after 0-24 (N=12; 43.8±15.3) and 25-48 (N=9; 57.8±15.7) months of life in a substitute family. According to the study, the quality of interaction between children and a close adult in a substitute family remains low. After 2 years of family life, children's emotional stability and cooperation decreases, and the negative affect increases. At the same time, the overall indicator of interaction between a child and an adult, as well as indicators on the part of a child, improves with the age of the children. The data obtained indicates the need for substitute families to participate in a program of psychological intervention aimed at supporting the process of formation and development of interaction and attachment.