One of the constitutional rights of citizens is the right to health protection (Article 41 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). At the same time, the leitmotif of one of the directions of the state policy of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the RF) is the protection of public health (Article 14 of the Federal Law «On the Basics of Health Protection of Citizens in the Russian Federation». The current epidemiological situation in the world cannot be characterized as favorable. Despite the fact that the issue of legal regulation of relations arising in connection with advertising of medicines is not part of the usual understanding of aspects of public health protection, it seems important and interesting to speculate in this vein. Any advertisement has an impact on consumers (attracts attention, generates and maintains interest, convinces to buy a product). Advertising of medicines is no exception. Given that such advertising can have a direct impact on the health of consumers (including negative, for example, if ineffective drugs are advertised), it is important to reduce the amount of inappropriate advertising of this kind. The implementation of this is possible largely by improving the legislation of the Russian Federation on advertising. Thus, the purpose of this work is to study the key problems of legal regulation of relations arising from the advertising of medicines, as well as to formulate recommendations for improving the legislation of the Russian Federation in this area.