The goal of the study was the definition of adult's possibilities of recognition the emotional state of typically developing (TD) and children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), by facial expression, vocalizations and speech signals. Participants in the study were children with ASD (F 84.0 according to ICD-10), aged 5-16 years (n = 25) and typically developing (TD) children aged 4-7 years (n = 60). The analysis of child behavior, vocalizations and speech was performed for the purpose of stimulus selection. The peculiarities of emotion state recognition of TD children and ASD children by adults (n = 514) were revealed. It is shown that the emotional states of ASD children are better recognized by the features of vocalizations and speech than by facial expression. This finding is promising in terms of development of children with methods for assessing the characteristics of their voices, and to create an automatic speech recognition system for the purpose of teaching children with atypical development.