Within this article controversial theoretical issues and also inaccuracies of legislative regulation which in practice lead to cancellation of the sentences decided on the basis of a verdict of jurors are taken up. The article provides examples and the positions of the national courts are analyzed. As a result of analyzing the problems most of which often entail the abolition cancellation of the sentences decided on the basis of a verdict of the jury trial have been revealed. Within this article the offers on introduction of amendments to the existing criminal procedure legislation directed to increase in efficiency and correctness of application of provisions of part 2 of article 345 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation have been formulated. This theme is especially relevant because since from June 1, 2018 it is supposed to introduce this procedural form to the practice of district courts.