The article is devoted to the analysis of the influence degree of European fashion on the development of the national theatrical costume in the second half of the 18th century. This phenomenon is considered on the example of the portraits by Dmitry Levitsky, representing the Smolny Institute young ladies in opera and drama performances. Particular attention is paid to the aspect of the interaction of secular and theatrical dress, as well as specifics of mentality of the epoch marked by aspiration for play and improvisation. The portraits of the Smolny Institute young ladies in scenic costumes reflect the popularity of the theater in general and demonstrate fashion trends that were spreading both in France and in Russia turned to French taste since the middle of the 18th century.