The article substantiates the relevance of studying the problem of national language policy (as interpersonal communication and public discourse) for the today's society; it presents the current problem, as well as the main objectives of the development of today's language policy in the Russian Federation. The psychological science opportunities for studying the problem of the national language are analyzed, as well as the existing directions of scientific studies in the field of psychology of speech and language. Some psychological factors of the state language influence on the development of the society and culture are described. The general psychological context of implementation of the national language policy in Russia is outlined and the nuances and the main components of psychological and pedagogical approach to the policy quality are provided. We list the questions, which, being solved, can contribute to the removal of the contradictions between the requirements of the national language policy to education and the real educational practice. Psychological research of language policy and specificity of functioning of the national language in Russia seems to be promising in terms of identifying important ideological, cultural and value factors for integration of the Russian society.