A series of acrylic monomers carrying dendrons based on aspartic and glutamic acids of various generations was synthesized. The free-radical polymerization of the synthesized monomers with the use of material and radiation-chemical initiation was studied. It was shown that monomers carrying dendrons of the first and second generations undergo polymerization to afford products with high polymerization degrees; as the generation number of the dendrons increases, the polymerization degree of the products sharply decreases. The monomer bearing the third-generation dendron yields an oligomer only under the radiation-induced polymerization conditions. The hydrolysis of the terminal methoxycarbonyl groups of dendritic polymers was accomplished, and the polyelectrolyte effect was discovered in solutions of the products obtained.