TY - JOUR

T1 - Elaboration and psychometric substantiation of a methodology for ASD risk diagnosing in 1-2 year-old children

AU - Наследов, Андрей Дмитриевич

AU - Ткачева, Любовь Олеговна

AU - Мирошников, Сергей Александрович

N1 - Целью исследования являлась разработка и психометрическое обоснование методики диагностики риска РАС у детей 1-2 лет. Для проведения этого исследования была разработана онлайн-анкета маркеров аутизма, содержащая 274 признака РАС, объединенных в задания по принципу сходства ситуативного проявления. 23 опытных специалиста (психологи, дефектологи) с помощью данной анкеты обследовали 242 ребенка (131 - РАС, 84 - Норма, 27 - ЗПР). На данной смешанной выборке были получены 4 фактора – коммуникативные нарушения, расторможенность, речевые нарушения, сенсорная дезинтеграция, отражающие и вектора проявления РАС, и те направления, по которым эти 3 группы различаются наиболее сильно. Из 4-х полученных факторов, нарушение коммуникации и сенсорная дезинтеграция относятся к классическим симптомам аутизма; в то время как расторможенность и нарушения речи являются специфичными симптомами, характерными для детей дошкольного возраста. На базе полученных факторов была создана 4-х шкальная методика, факторная и дискриминантная валидность которой для диагностики риска РАС для детей 1-2 лет была подтверждена. Применяя данную методику, специалист может оценить вероятность аутизма по 10 балльной стеновой системе оценки и степень выраженности симптомов аутизма по каждой из 4-х шкал. В конце данной публикации приводится руководство к практическому применению методики и критерии оценки.

PY - 2025/11/11

Y1 - 2025/11/11

N2 - The aim of the study was to develop and psychometrically substantiate the methodology for diagnosing the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in 1-2-year-old children. To conduct this study, an online questionnaire of autism markers was developed, containing 274 signs of ASD, combined into tasks based on the principle of similarity of situational manifestation. 23 experienced specialists (psychologists, speech pathologists) examined 242 children using this questionnaire (131 with ASD, 84 Normal, and 27 with developmental delay (DD)). In this mixed sample, 4 factors were obtained – communication disorders, hyperactivity, speech disorders, sensory disintegration, reflecting both the vectors of ASD manifestation and the directions in which these 3 groups differ most strongly. Of the 4 factors obtained, communication disorders and sensory disintegration are among the classic symptoms of autism; while hyperactivity and speech disorders are specific symptoms for preschool children. Based on the obtained factors, a 4-scale methodology was created, the factorial and discriminant validity of which was confirmed for diagnosing the risk of ASD for 1-2-year-old children. Applying this scale, a specialist can assess the probability of autism according to a 10-point wall assessment system and estimate the severity of autism symptoms on each of the 4 scales. At the end of this publication, a guide to the practical application of the developed scale and evaluation criteria is provided.

AB - The aim of the study was to develop and psychometrically substantiate the methodology for diagnosing the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in 1-2-year-old children. To conduct this study, an online questionnaire of autism markers was developed, containing 274 signs of ASD, combined into tasks based on the principle of similarity of situational manifestation. 23 experienced specialists (psychologists, speech pathologists) examined 242 children using this questionnaire (131 with ASD, 84 Normal, and 27 with developmental delay (DD)). In this mixed sample, 4 factors were obtained – communication disorders, hyperactivity, speech disorders, sensory disintegration, reflecting both the vectors of ASD manifestation and the directions in which these 3 groups differ most strongly. Of the 4 factors obtained, communication disorders and sensory disintegration are among the classic symptoms of autism; while hyperactivity and speech disorders are specific symptoms for preschool children. Based on the obtained factors, a 4-scale methodology was created, the factorial and discriminant validity of which was confirmed for diagnosing the risk of ASD for 1-2-year-old children. Applying this scale, a specialist can assess the probability of autism according to a 10-point wall assessment system and estimate the severity of autism symptoms on each of the 4 scales. At the end of this publication, a guide to the practical application of the developed scale and evaluation criteria is provided.

M3 - Article

JO - ПСИХОЛОГИЯ. ЖУРНАЛ ВЫСШЕЙ ШКОЛЫ ЭКОНОМИКИ

JF - ПСИХОЛОГИЯ. ЖУРНАЛ ВЫСШЕЙ ШКОЛЫ ЭКОНОМИКИ

SN - 1813-8918

ER -