The article is devoted to the scientific understanding of the results of the conference on topical issues of psychology, held at the Leningrad University on October 1–5, 1947. The current fundamental and applied problems of Soviet psychology were discussed at the conference, as well as issues of psychological education at universities and secondary schools. The reports examined the ways of developing psychology, discussed psy-chophysical and psychophysiological problems, psychology of relationships and motivation of the person, child psychology, zoopsychology, requirements for teaching psychology in schools. Particular attention was paid to the development of psychology in the Soviet republics. The program report was delivered by B.G. Ananyev, who noted that a new scientific psychology is being created, based on the teachings of I.P. Pavlov and V.M. Bekhterev. The most important are the psychophysical and psychophysiological problems, which must be solved comprehensively. The basic principles and areas of psychology were discussed. The relationship between psychological and physiological variables was experimentally studied by V.N. Myasishchev. P.O. Ma-karov devoted his report to microphysiology of feelings and sensations. The psychology of thought was studied by A.V. Yarmolenko and S.M. Vasilevskiy. M.D. Alexandrov, L.M. Vecker, A.A. Pressman were experimentally studied. V.N. Myasishchev showed that the highest level of personal development is determined by the level of conscious attitude to the surrounding and its self-consciousness. A.A. Lublinskaya discussed the problem of motivation of activities in child psychology. Three reports focused on experimental research in zo-opsychology. The results of the study of fixed installation in the Georgian school of psychology, the history of the formation of psychology in Armenia, Ukraine and Estonia were discussed. The conclusion was made about the high scientific significance of the conference for the further development of Russian psychology.