Paleomagnetic data, including the recent high-quality measurements, estimate the average mean sedimentation rate in the Mendeleev Ridge for the last 4 Ma as 1-1.5 mm/kyr, rising slightly towards the shelf seas of northeast Russia. The rates also increase towards the Lomonosov Ridge: in its near-Greenland sector, the Brunhes/Matuyama transition was identified in the sediment core at 330 cmbsf, giving rates of 4.4 mm/kyr for the Brunhes chron. Recently established presence of volcanic material in bottom sediments indicates active, at times even catastrophic, the Pleistocene volcanic activity in the Arctic Basin. It could be safe to state that the Eurasian Basin in the Arctic Ocean was a scene for at least one such a powerful volcanic eruption with huge volumes of ejected material at ~1.1 Ma. The study of hydrocarbon molecular markers and the Late Cenozoic sedimentation in the Amerasian continental margin allowed to examine the importance of different processes (terrigeneous denudation, glacial transport, turbidites, oceanic slope contouring currents, submarine erosion, and bedrock material re-deposition) in accumulation of the sedimentary cover.