The latest data shows the wide spectrum of various neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 often persisting after its acute phase. Neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 include various neural impairments (fatigue, headache, dizziness, anxiety, cognitive dysfunction, sleep and mood disturbances, muscle soreness, stroke, seizures, encephalitis, ataxia, myelitis, anosmia, ageusia, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and Miller Fisher syndrome) as the development of a full clinical picture of psychiatric diseases (psychotic, anxiety, and affective spectrum). Symptoms of post-COVID syndrome may persist even a year after discharge and are associated with a high risk of suicidal behavior in virus survivors. Currently, possible mechanisms of COVID-19 effect on the central nervous system include indirect (cytokine storm, hypoxia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, neuroinflammation, postinfection autoimmunity) and possible direct COVID-19-induced neuronal/vascular damage (including direct PAMP-like effect of SARS-CoV-2 components on Toll-like receptors of glia). Autoimmune and immunopathological links of COVID-19 pathogenesis also may play a role in its neuropsychiatric complications. COVID-19 is known for high rates of morbidity and mortality. Early recognition of neuropsychiatric manifestations, adequate treatment, and long-term follow-up are needed to provide efficient patient care.