Many relict and endemic legumes are often rare and endangered species, located in remote and almost impenetrable areas. This makes it difficult to study their symbiosis with nodule bacteria. The aim of this work was to obtain root nodules under laboratory conditions of Hedysarum zundukii, Oxytropis popoviana, Oxytropis triphylla, Oxytropis tragacanthoides, Astragalus chorinensis and Glycyrrhiza uralensis belonging to the Miocene-Pliocene relicts, usually growing in restricted habitats of the Baikal Lake region. A pot experiment was conducted with soils and seeds collected in distribution areas of these legumes. The collected soils had low content of N and P, suggesting importance of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis for successful maintenance of plant populations. The symbiotic nodules were observed on roots of all plant species tested and 52 bacterial strains assumed as root nodule bacteria (rhizobia) were isolated from nodules. The proposed method avoids collection of native plants and prevents decrease in plant populations. The isolated bacteria will be used to search for ancestral genes responsible for the specificity and efficiency of rhizobia-legume symbiosis and can contribute to the conservation of rare and endangered species of relict legumes in the Baikal region.