TY - JOUR

T1 - Long-Lived Sunspots in Historical Records: A Case Study Analysis from 1660 to 1676

AU - Золотова, Надежда Валерьевна

AU - Вохмянин, Михаил Владимирович

PY - 2025/2/1

Y1 - 2025/2/1

N2 - We analyze Sunspot engravings and measurements in 1660 – 1676 to retrieve sunspot area and heliocoordinates. Based on these data, we revise the Hoyt and Schatten (The role of the sun in climate change, 1997) hypothesis of long-lived sunspots during the Maunder minimum as a sign of weakened convection. Historical reports also clarify what each observer defined as a sunspot and the purpose of the observations. The reconstructed longitudes of sunspots allow us to evaluate the rotation rate, revealing that the historical rotation profile resembles that of long-lived sunspot groups in the modern era.

AB - We analyze Sunspot engravings and measurements in 1660 – 1676 to retrieve sunspot area and heliocoordinates. Based on these data, we revise the Hoyt and Schatten (The role of the sun in climate change, 1997) hypothesis of long-lived sunspots during the Maunder minimum as a sign of weakened convection. Historical reports also clarify what each observer defined as a sunspot and the purpose of the observations. The reconstructed longitudes of sunspots allow us to evaluate the rotation rate, revealing that the historical rotation profile resembles that of long-lived sunspot groups in the modern era.

KW - Observations; sunspots

KW - Photosphere

KW - Statistics; sunspots

KW - Sunspots; solar cycle

KW - Velocity; velocity fields

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/19e56166-6bba-3cfe-b809-79c177a3165b/

U2 - 10.1007/s11207-025-02432-0

DO - 10.1007/s11207-025-02432-0

M3 - Article

VL - 300

JO - Solar Physics

JF - Solar Physics

SN - 0038-0938

IS - 2

M1 - 17

ER -