The authors present the results of a 7-year longitudinal study of 10 Russian children beginning at birth up to 7 years old. The relationships among vowels diverse, babbling, imitative activity during the first year of a child’s life, the amount of the first words at the age of 12 months, stressed vowels duration and pitch variation in mother speech addressed to children of the first year of life, the risk of development of birth, were investigated as predictors of speech development in 2 - 7 years. The results are shown that those characteristics predicted complexity of replica in dialogues, compound phrases using, ability to retell, and reading skills formation. The risk of development at birth manifested in EEG-rhythm age immaturity in 7 years that was reflected in speech skills and reading comprehension.