The area-preserving rule for botanical trees by Leonardo da Vinci is discussed in terms of a very specific fractal structure, a logarithmic fractal. We use a method of the numerical Fourier analysis to distinguish the logarithmic fractal properties of the two-dimensional objects and apply it to study the branching system of real trees through its projection on the two-dimensional space, i.e., using their photographs. For different species of trees (birch and oak) we observe the Q-2 decay of the spectral intensity characterizing the branching structure that is associated with the logarithmic fractal structure in two-dimensional space. The experiments dealing with the side view of the tree should complement the area preserving Leonardo's rule with one applying to the product of diameter d and length l of the k branches: dili=kdi+1li+1. If both rules are valid, then the branch's length of the next generation is k times shorter than previous one: li=kli+1. Moreover, the volume (mass) of all branches of the next generation is a factor of di/di+1 smaller than previous one. We conclude that a tree as a three-dimensional object is not a logarithmic fractal, although its projection onto a two-dimensional plane is. Consequently, the life of a tree flows according to the laws of conservation of area in two-dimensional space, as if the tree were a two-dimensional object.

Original languageEnglish
Article number044412
JournalPhysical Review E
Volume105
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - 29 Apr 2022

    Scopus subject areas

  • Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
  • Statistics and Probability
  • Condensed Matter Physics

ID: 98510439