The Russian Federation is one of the world leaders in coal mining. The Russian coal branch is one of the key industries of the Russian Federation. Currently the government carries out measures for restructuring of the Russian coal industry. One of the major factors of coal branch sustainable development is to focus on foreign markets in condition to meet the demands of domestic market. One of the priority directions of the Russian coal industry development is providing trade of hi-tech power product. Thus considering issues connected with Russian coal preparation and processing is of high importance. The system of enterprise value creation is presented as a value chain. Key links of value chain are activities forming competitive advantages of the enterprise. The value chain research allows to reveal sources of competitive advantage. The relevance of value chain creation of production of the Russian coal enterprises is caused by a large number of stages which coal has to pass in the process to be delivered to the market. The paper considers processes of coal preparation and processing as the most important factors of providing competitiveness of the Russian coal industry. The value chain of production of the Russian coal companies is created. The main links of the value chain are analyzed. The analysis of the main effects of coal preparation and processing having impact on the Russian coal value is given.