The dynamics and the factors of dairy industry development in the regions of the Russian-Belarusian borderland in 2010-2017 were analyzed. It was revealed that the territorial structure of dairy industry in the Russian regions shrinks to a limited number of centers and the number of districts with positive development dynamics decreases. The destruction of intraregional relations between producers and processors of milk continues. The emergence of new growth points in milk processing is described; these made themselves known after 2014 and are already appreciated at the federal level. It is shown that the composition of holding structure, which includes an agricultural producer, is of a primary importance in changing the territorial structure of milk production in the Belamsian borderland,. Despite the almost unvarying geography of processing enterprises, their structural transformations are taking place - some dairies are engaged just in milk reception and cooling. In the future the formal preservation of the territorial structure could result in real reduction to a limited number of large milk processors in successful and economically developed industrial regions of Belarus.