Symanzik's approach for construction of quantum field model in inhomogeneous space-time is used as a basis for modeling the interaction of a macroscopic material body with quantum fields. In quantum electrodynamics it enables one to establish the most general form of the action functional describing the interaction of 2-dimensional material objects with photon and fermion fields. Results obtained within this approach for description of the interaction of the spinor field with a material plane are presented.