The authors release the source on the history of Russia-Iran relations in the early 17th century. It’s a firman of Abbas I in Turkic addressed to the Russian administrator of Astrakhan, dated by 1622. The document reflects some features of international relations of the first quarter of the 18th century, when the Safavid Empire was in the groove whereas in contrast Russia just began to overcome the consequences of the Time of Troubles. Source analysis of the act allowed the authors to determine the features of its structure and the translation made it possible to make a number of observations on the features of the Persian Turkic terminology of the time. The external trade functions of the “kerekyaraklar” were revealed and their identity with the word “cupchina” of the contemporary Russian materials was highlighted. New data was obtained on the biography of one of the Iranian diplomatic and trade agents in Russia - Aga Hasan. Finally, the authors conclude about the reasons for the direct appeal of the ruler o