The article is devoted to the negotiations of Florence with Emperor Maximilian I Habsburg in 1507-1508. The reference to this topic is connected with the interest that modern historical science shows in the consideration of the Italian wars of 1494-1559 as a whole and their individual periods. The author analyzes the contradictions in the Florentine ruling elite on the issue of Union with France, which arose in Florence by 1507 and led to the organization of negotiations between the Republic and the Empire, and also considers the course of these negotiations and their results for the further development of Florentine politics.