The following paper is devoted to one of the problems of professional vocabulary translation - namely, of professional slang or jargon. Russian and English professional jargon in the sphere of oil and gas served as an example; ways of construction, the most widely used ways of their translation and emerging problems were analyzed. The authors believe that to solve the problems of translation of professional jargon research in comparison of professional discourse in the sphere of oil and gas in English and Russian should be held, a detailed glossary should be constructed, specifics of construction and translation of the words and expressions belonging to professional jargon should be described.