Introduction. The article discusses the military training that Tyumen children and adolescents received as a part of the school curriculum. On the basis of normative legal acts, documentation of local authorities and witnesses, the course of the educational process and the main difficulties of its implementation in the pre-war period and during the Great Patriotic War are analyzed. Methods. Special methods of historical research were used in the process of writing the paper. These methods allowed us to identify the reasons why military training classes were introduced in the school curriculum, to analyze the features of the educational process, and also to determine the attitude of children and adolescents to that discipline. Conclusion. Military training as a separate discipline has been added to the school curriculum since the 1939/1940 school year. During the Great Patriotic War, the central authorities adopted a number of legal acts that expanded the structure of military training at the school. From that