The article considers some special aspects of Berlin’s language policy on the territory of Alsace-Lorraine as one of the most important tools aimed at establishing of German identity among the region’s natives. Achievement of officially declared objective of Germanization of the province was impeded by general use of local dialects of German and strong positions of French in the south-west of Lorraine. Berlin involved different strategies in respect of the both problems. The most important role was assigned to the reforming of the school on the model of Prussia - a cornerstone of any language policy. The importance of the “school question” was additionally raised by the fact that education of 95 per cent of Alsace-Lorraine’s population has been reduced to the primary one. Enforcement of the Berlin’s policy did not go smooth and faced with protests from the locals. Catholic Church also played a role in protection of the local francophone’s rights. But German language policy was far less repressive than it was usually portrayed by the French revanchist tradition. A number of discriminatory measures were adopted against the French language but teaching on French continued in the French-speaking areas of the province. Statistics say for the considerable progress of German in Alsace-Lorraine to the beginning of XX century. The credit goes not only to a “Prussian teacher”, but also to migration processes in the province and to development of its economic ties with other Germany as well. But the more Alsatians-Lorrainians felt themselves to be Germans, the more were they sensitive to any signs of discrimination from the part of Berlin. The more and more widespread use of German language here was not identical to total Germanization of the region and its political loyalty.