This paper presents an analysis of the activities of collectors and dealers of antiquities, as well as measures for the protection of antiquities in Egypt of the XIX - first quarter of the XX centuries. The system-historical approach is used as the main paradigm in the research. In different periods, diplomats, tourists and researchers played a special role in collecting antiquities. Collectors from the UK and other European countries, including Russia, have played an important role in the foundation of Museum and private collections. But after 1882 the policy of the British colonial administration played a key role in this process. In this regard, the author pays attention to the legislative initiatives of the British authorities and privileges which were granted to researchers from the UK.