Historical and biographical article about a brilliant domestic pathophysiologist L.R. Perelman (1900-1969). A paper discusses the life and works of L.R. Perelman's in the context of historical epoch, as well as his contribution to pathology, endocrinology, immunology and most abruptly - in phthisiopulmonology, as well as the fate of his ideas in modern science. It analyzes his role in the history of national and world pathophysiology as a prominent representative of the school of l.l. Mechnikov and A.A. Bogomolets.