Migration at the present stage is a rather complicated and heterogeneous tangle of social, economic, psychological, political, ethnographic, religious and other problems. The specificity of modern migration processes is that their economic and political consequences, which are typical for one country, suddenly become relevant for another one, which at first glance does not have sufficient similarity. However, a detailed examination reveals many similarities in the development of migration processes. In Germany and Russia, there was an important stage of diasporal migration, which occurred in the first half of the 90s of the last century. Germans, Jews, Russians, representatives of the peoples of the USSR, mixed families moved. The mass influx of »repatriates» of German origin from Eastern Europe and the republics of the USSR to Germany has led to some changes in the parameters of social development, both in Russia and Germany. However, due to the cultural proximity of the »indigenous population» and »repatriates», the effects associated with the relocation of 3-4 million people were not the most significant. The contrasts between the GDR and the FRG were significantly more stable.