The study focuses on the stage existence of Valentin Katayev's vaudeville Squaring the Circle (Kvadratura kruga, 1928) in the USA. Its stage production on Broadway (1935) is investigated in the wide context of political and cultural Soviet-American connections during the interwar period. The production became the most merchantable one of all few Soviet plays on Broadway (1935). The study dedicated to the reception of Katayev's play and its production in the USA draws on the materials from the collections of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Chicago Public Library and the Houghton Library (Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.) as well as Valentin Katayev's archive at the Odessa Literary Museum, Museum of the Moscow Academic Art Theater, Russian State Archives. The memoirs of the writer's granddaughter, Valentina Katayeva, are also used to analyze the problem. The study provides a brief biographical sketch and a characteristics of Eugene Lyons and Charles Malamuth, the copyright holders of Katayev's vaudeville in the United States. The paper gives some vivid examples of the changes and insertions they made to the Soviet original play, which sparked a debate in American criticism. The study is aimed at expanding the existing knowledge about the stage history of Soviet plays in the USA and Soviet-American literary and cultural links during the interwar period.