Issues related to political activity during the First World War, on the eve of the February Revolution of 1917, continue to be relevant in Russian historiography. However, there are numerous discrepancies not only in assessments, but also in revealing personal actions, both of opposition figures and representatives of the right-wing political camp. At the same time, the functioning of the opposition in the State Council is practically not studied in historiography. This is all the more important as members of the State Council during this period were members of the scientific community. The First World War and the political struggle in the Russian parliament is a problematic topic in Russian historiography. The personal participation of members of the State Council in opposition activities is a practical scientific and general historical task.