This article examines the preparation, course, and consequences of the official visit of Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers Aleksei N. Kosygin to Canada in October 1971. Drawing on published materials and previously unpublished documents from the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Federation and the Russian State Archive of the Economy, the study reconstructs both the public and the substantive political dimensions of the visit and situates it within the broader context of early détente. The article demonstrates that the visit represented a culmination of the gradual normalization and intensification of Soviet–Canadian relations in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It analyzes the strategic calculations of both sides, showing that while Moscow and Ottawa shared an interest in expanding political dialogue and economic cooperation, they pursued different priorities. The Trudeau government sought to diversify Canada’s foreign policy in accordance with the “Third Option,” enhance the country’s international visibility, and secure reliable export markets for Canadian grain. The Soviet leadership, in turn, viewed closer ties with Canada primarily as an instrument of broader geopolitical strategy: promoting European security initiatives, supporting arms control efforts, advancing its position on the German question, and contributing to the gradual erosion of Western bloc cohesion. Economic considerations—particularly grain imports and selective access to Western technology—played an important but secondary role. Special attention is devoted to the confidential discussions between Kosygin and Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau, the negotiation of bilateral agreements, and the symbolic and domestic dimensions of the visit, including public reactions and protest activity. The study argues that the 1971 visit marked a high point in Soviet–Canadian relations and became one of the significant diplomatic episodes of the détente era. The momentum generated by this exchange shaped bilateral contacts throughout the 1970s and the first half of the 1980s, even as relations remained influenced by the broader dynamics of Soviet–American interaction.