Every year, 50 to 60 million cases of infectious diseases are registered in the Russian Federation, with up to 70–80% of them occurring in childhood. The diversity of infectious agents, the continuous variability of viruses and bacteria, the emergence of new pathogens, the growth of immunodeficiency states among children, age-related «defects» in the immune response, and the intensifying anti-vaccination movement create conditions for epidemiological problems in the country associated with outbreaks and epidemics of infectious diseases. The purpose is to collect, systematize and monitor the incidence of current infections in children (acute respiratory infections, vaccine-preventable infections with respiratory manifestations, herpesvirus and intestinal infections) in the Russian Federation in 2022–2024, to identify trends and determine prospects for their prevention. Methods. Specialized electronic resources, such as the e-Library, PabMed, Scopus, and CyberLeninka databases, were used to obtain the necessary information and search for literary sources. We analyzed clinical and epidemiological studies, the State Report «On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population in the Russian Federation» of 2022–2024, as well as descriptive and systematic literature reviews. It was noted that since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of quarantine measures, there has been a significant reduction in the registered cases of influenza and RSV infection, and a change in the seasonality of respiratory viral infections. A new trend in the prevention of infant morbidity and mortality is outlined. It involves vaccinating not only children and adults throughout their lives, but also pregnant women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Currently, in Russia, vaccination of pregnant women against influenza, COVID-19 and whooping cough is recommended. Aspecific recombinant immunoglobulin drug is used to protect children at risk from RSV infection.