The article is devoted to the analysis of one of the earliest wall paintings from Mogao Monastery - “The Pure Land of Buddha Amitabha” (VI-VII A. D.), it is the first work in the special literature devoted to the description and analysis of this mural. Both fragments are available for study, as they are on permanent display in the State Hermitage; however the study of this wall painting was not conducted (except for the restoration). An integrated approach to the study of painting allowed to make serious conclusions about the understanding and changing of motives and images in China, despite of the existence of iconographic prescriptions for this kind of images, as well as reasons for these processes.