The article describes the main terms and definitions that have developed to date in the field of library and museum activities in relation to individual publications and their totality: "book collection", "book fund", "rare book", etc. Particular attention is paid to the newly introduced official term "book monument", which is widely used at the present stage not only in library activities, but also in the work of museums. It is considered the order of museum’s book attribution to museum objects in accordance with the law "About the Museum Fund and Museums in the Russian Federation" and to book monuments in accordance with the law "About library science ". The registration peculiarities of individual copies of books and their collections in museums of the Russian Federation depending on their attribution to museum subjects or book monuments are analyzed.