In the article on the example of the text of the novel “Captain’s Daughter” by A. Pushkin the author demonstrates how axiological perspectives of classical literary works change in modern conditions, how in a modern school can be more interesting and more deeply interpreted axiomatic material repeatedly studied and subjected to understanding in different years. In particular, the article considers the images of the central characters of Pushkin’s novel - Pyotr Grinev and Alexei Shvabrin. The article shows how two characters - Grinev and Shvabrin - stood out in Pushkin’s manuscripts from the original single and integral image of the main character of the novel. However, in contrast to the existing tradition, which considers these heroes of “Captain’s Daughter” as antagonist heroes, in this work these images are qualified as twin heroes with a common ideological root. The study shows that the image of Grinev undoubtedly bears the features of an autobiographical hero, for example, in those circumstances when the