The article analyzes the changes in the composition and structure of the higher and central state institutions of the Russian Empire in the period of the Provisional Government. These changes from the very outset formed the model for the future of the republican system of Russia. The creation of new ministries have been caused not only by administrative necessity, but also by the political situation, and changes with every new membership of the Provisional Government. The changes in the composition and structure of the central institutions in Russia are increasingly manifested bureaucratic amateurism of the new government. More success had the new ministry, which could rely on the pre-revolutionary bureaucracy. Provisional Government policy changed on every new membership of it.