In the interwar period, Soviet political and military governing bodies, relying upon their understanding of peculiarities of international relations and capitalist system development, were sure that the crisis of the existing Versailles-Washington system increase the risk of the beginning of the new war, directed against the USSR. For this reason, the Soviet government started to put into life the program of technical modernization of industry and armed forces. The mass delivery of the necessary equipment and technology from the West started. However, even the purchase of new systems of weapons and equipment could not ensure the perfect operation of the military-industrial complex. Not only material and technical base but labor force was in need. That's why tackling employment issue became the key challenge for the USSR military-industrial complex in the interwar period. Here the experience of arranging of economy and industry performance during the WWI played an essential role.