The results and consequences of actions and behavior of a person can be assessed by speakers in terms of practical evaluation, that is using the concepts of the benefit and the harm as very important criteria on the practicality scale. A person is much influenced by other people, at the same time being capable of causing harm to himself or, on the contrary, taking advantage from something: from experience exchange, diligence, endeavor, education, etc. Different language speakers representing different cultures can have ideas about the benefit and the harm associated with different factors, and this is caused by upbringing and national traditions, as well as by their facts of life. The questionnaire survey with participation of Russians and Chinese and the analysis of their answers to 6 proposed questions are aimed at identification of the factors considered as the “benefit” and the “harm”. On the one hand, the common character of ideas was identified, although they differ in the meaning associated with them: