Aging is the main risk factor for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The reason of risk consists in disturbing of function of endothelial cells of inner layer of heart and brain vessel containing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).The enzymatic activity of eNOS decreases and NO concentration regulating vasodilation and thrombogenesis decreases, correspondingly. In organism besides eNOS there are different nitrite reductases which catalyze NO synthesis using endogenic and exogenic nitrates and nitrites. In this review we discuss the changes in blood vessels occurring in aging and possible routes to use nitrates and nitrites of food as additional resource of nitric oxide in vessels and potential to prevent associated with aging cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.