Kagawa Toyohiko (1888–1960), often called “St. Francis of Japan”, was a world famous Christian social worker, labor movement activist and a pioneer of the cooperative movement. His understanding of Christian mission, shaped by J. Wesley, L. Tolstoy, A. Schweitzer, and the history of Catholic monastic orders, was regarded as a revelation by many Christians and non-Christians both inside and outside Japan. Kagawa became a fountainhead of labor and cooperative movement in Japan, he contributed to the development of medical and welfare system, conducted numerous evangelization campaigns combined with economic education. Among Kagawa’s most famous initiatives the Kingdom of God Movement of the early 1930s can be named the most surprising in terms of its scale and success. The movement united efforts of various Christian groups and social activists, and, though negatively regarded by the authorities, was widely reported abroad during Kagawa’s lecturing tour to the USA in 1935. The movement aimed not only at evangelization of Japan, but also at the creation of an economic basis to improve lives of the bereaved from the material point of view, to create a long-lasting foundation for the future spiritual growth. Kagawa’s program for the movement included Christian proselytization, educational activities, building a cooperative solidarity between farmers and workers, improvement of medical help, development of agriculture. Kagawa’s “Christianizing economics” in the Kingdom of God Movement is considered to be one of the most prominent Christian enterprises in the history of Japan, bringing thousands of Japanese to Christianity.