The speech formulas of greeting and farewell are presented in the modern Romanian language with a rich palette of language means. The research of such conventional structures helps to better understand the culture of the people and the rules of etiquette accepted in the society. A number of addresses imply an interlocutor’s response, which, as a rule, is a reflection of a ritual, a custom. Some politeness formulas, being an integral and organic part of the Romanian culture, do not have exact correspondences in the Russian language, and therefore the study of these expressions is relevant in the aspect of translation. Of interest are also the colloquial forms of greetings and farewells used by Romanian speakers both in person and when communicating by e-mail and social media.