In the light of modern ideas about the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), along with the decoding of the genetic polymorphism of genes that regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, immune factors, metabolic disorders and inflammation, a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease belongs to the intestinal microbiota, which takes part in development of all stages of NAFLD. The article presents the pathogenetic relationships of intestinal microbiota and metabolic disorders.