The article presents the seven stages methodology of linguistic and cultural analysis of Russian proverbs with a component naming an insect against the background of their Chinese counterparts. The article considers common and different cultural attitudes reflected in Russian and Chinese proverbs with the most frequent components. Stereotypical ideas about insects in two linguocultures have been revealed. It is concluded that the proverbial “profiles” of insects have much in common in Russian and Chinese, while the cultural attitudes differ. The article reveals some cultural and linguistic features of proverbs with a component naming an insect in the Russian language worldview. Particular attention is paid to the definition of the macro- and microstructure of the linguocultural dictionary of Russian proverbs with a component naming an insect designed to Chinese students-philologists who speak Russian at B2-C1 levels.