This review article examines the metacognitive processes that arise when working with mobile devices in professional activities. Definitions are given and key concepts are distinguished: metacognition, metacognitive processes, metacognitive strategies, and metacognitive attitudes. The role of metacognitive processes and strategies in the professional sphere is substantiated – it is shown that developed metacognitive skills contribute to work efficiency in conditions of high cognitive loads and digitalization. Typical manifestations of metacognition when interacting with mobile technologies (planning actions, monitoring one's own understanding, assessing workload, adapting strategies, etc.) are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the possibilities of using mobile devices themselves to study metacognition: analysis of log files, interface interaction data, mobile questionnaires, etc. Various approaches to studying metacognitive activity in a mobile context are compared–from traditional methods (questionnaires, self-reports, experiments) to cognitive modeling and big data analysis–with reference to domestic and foreign studies. The relevance of the topic in the context of the digitalization of labor is emphasized, and promising areas for the practical application of the knowledge gained are proposed.