The question of foreign literature literally polarized the intellectual life of the Third Republic: from admiration to strong rejection, from the consciousness of necessity and inevitability of literature exchange to the concern over being captured and absorbed by an “alien” culture. During various waves of literary import and the debates caused by them, those movements sometimes mixed and crossed thematically and polemically. Between xenophilia and xenophobia, appealing to the foreign culture from the literary import and opposition to the foreign culture by boundary protection, there was a whole spectrum of opinions. According to the number of articles on this issue, according to the intensity and the tone of statements, we can see clearly that the question was not just relevant but extremely painful. We can affirm that the foreign literature played a significant role in the formation of literary nationalism that, in turn, would become the main structural component of nationalism in general; moreover, nation