The article presents results of a research on the parameters of psychoemotional well-being and features of self-development in adolescents aged 14-17 (81 respondents included 27 children from an orphanage, 24 teenagers living away from their families and 30 teenagers living with their parents). It as argued that teenagers' psychological well-being is closely connected with their orientation towards self-development. Recognising the importance of self-development in such spheres as goal-setting and self-realisation and at the same time having a low interest in them creates an internal conflict and leads to a decrease in psychoemotional well-being in the adolescent orphans. Psychoemotional well-being of the adolescents living away from their families depends on whether they have conflicts in the following spheres: education, social sphere, aesthetics, development of will. As for the teenagers living with parents, their psychoemotional well-being is affected by the contradiction between the increasing requirements and the actual level of their development.