Exploring B.G. Ananiev’s scientific archive is an immediate task of the history of national psychology. The most valuable materials must be published. The article contains a transcript of B.G. Ananiev’s 1977 speech at a meeting of workers in secondary education. Preparation of the manuscript for publication, editing and commenting were performed by N.A. Loginova. In B.G. Ananiev’s history there were three large cycles of psychological pedagogical and acmeological studies which, alongside with research of fundamental issues of developmental psychology, were aimed at addressing educational practice. He developed a system of views on the nature of individual mental development and a project of a new pedagogical anthropology in the style of K.D. Ushinsky. In his speech B.G. Ananiev gives a characteristic of contemporary psychology, emphasizing its experimental nature, mathematical methods and introduction into practice. He demonstrates the role of psychology in industry, space exploration, higher education. He points out that psychology has not yet become a full participant of practical work at school and explains its pedagogical potential. Pedagogy has not yet approached its main object - human nature - and generally limits itself to development of mental functions, especially thinking. Research of man as a developing whole is important for both theoretical and practical pedagogy.