The article describes a new view of the nature of the psyche and consciousness, which are interpreted as tools of cognitive activity. Recent experimental data corresponding to this view are presented. Discussed D.I. Dubrovsky’s criticism of the proposed approach. In 2017, D.I. Dubrovsky published an article in Voprosy Filosofii devoted entirely to the author’s view of the nature of consciousness. It is noted that Dubrovsky, like no one else, felt its revolutionism, but that is why he recognized it as insolvent. According to Dubrovsky, the initial position of the article under discussion is obviously untenable, and therefore the promised revolution in psychology did not take place: the formulated “laws of consciousness” represent a number of general and dubious judgments. The author of this article addresses leading experts in the field of psychology and philosophy of consciousness, defending his point of view. In his opinion, Dubrovsky’s specific objections do not look convincing and, in fact, do not relate to the main ideas of the approach.