The appeal to the text of the novel, its information structure, the allocation of its components such as the themes of Litvinov and Irina, allow us to see in them the heroes of the novel as "representatives of our progress", which they were denied by both contemporary criticism and literary criticism of our time. The character traits of the new literary heroes open up the prospect of understanding those historical and cultural processes that were brewing in society and Which Turgenev already felt and reflected, although in an unusual form for the reader.