The main point of the first part of the article is to assert that personal spiritual evolution of Marx led him through the range of stages to dialectical materialism which was not supposed by him as well as by Engels to be called philosophy. Nevertheless, the method used by Marx in “Capital” was connected with German classical philosophy in general especially with Hegel’s “Science of Logic”. This circumstance gave Plekhanov and Lenin possibility to present dialectical materialism as Marxism philosophy. Marxism-Leninism philosophy was established in USSR as the foundation of native education, and as a result, the formation of Soviet culture was affected hereby. Now the situation has been changed, but it does not mean that soviet experience of vigorous progress of education and science on the basis of philosophy has lost its actuality. The aim of the second part of the article is to show how this experience has to be used nowadays. The main argument hereof is to confirm that learning by future specialists the rationally conscious way of thinking formed during the history of philosophy from Thales and Parmenides till Shelling and Hegel inclusive can give an adequate answer to challenges of present time. The achievements of philosophical thought having enriched the contemporary epistemology, philosophy of language and conscience can not only stimulate the solution of fundamental problems of science and technology but radically change the human way of life. In connection with it in this article, there are offered a range of measures directed to the development of special philosophical and higher professional education in our country.